Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) could be a member of the family Moraceae (fig) family. The scientific or Latin name springs from Greek (artos = bread, karpos = fruit), and altilis means that ‘fat’. Baked or cooked in an exceedingly fireplace, the fruit features a starchy texture and fragrance that's harking back to contemporary baked bread.
Breadfruit has been a crucial staple crop and part of ancient agroforestry systems within the Pacific for quite three,000 years. This species originated within the Pacific and was unfold throughout Oceania by brave islanders subsidence the various islands of archipelago, Micronesia, and Polynesia. owing to the efforts of Captain Bligh and French voyagers, a couple of seeded varieties from Polynesia were introduced to the Caribbean within the late 1700s. These step by step unfold to alternative tropical regions. Breadfruit is currently fully grown in near ninety countries.
The wild root of breadfruit, magnoliopsid genus camansi (breadnut) naturally happens in island, the Moluccas (Indonesia), and probably the Philippines. Breadnut accompanied seeded breadfruit varieties on their trek on the far side the Pacific and is currently wide fully grown in alternative tropical regions. a 3rd connected species, magnoliopsid genus mariannensis (dugdug or chebiei), grows wild in Palau and therefore the Ladrone Islands and has long been cultivated throughout Micronesia, particularly on the coral reef islands. It naturally hybridized with Artocarpus altilis and therefore the various hybrids ar solely found in Micronesia.
The nutrient fruit and seeds of all 3 species ar edible. The useful trees ar straightforward to grow, helpful to the setting, ANd turn out an abundance of nutrient, tasty fruit. They conjointly offer construction materials, medicine, fabric, glue, insectifuge, animal feed, and more. The trees begin bearing in three to five years and ar productive for several decades. This 'tree of bread' has the potential to play a major role in assuaging hunger within the tropics.
Origin and Distribution
Breadfruit has long been a crucial staple crop and a primary part of ancient agroforestry systems in Oceania. many varieties are cultivated and quite two,000 names are documented. Breadfruit was 1st domesticated within the western Pacific and unfold by humans throughout the region. The tree is fully grown on most Pacific Islands, with the exception of recent Zealand and Easter Island. it's currently cultivated throughout the tropics. within the late 1700s many seeded varieties were introduced to Jamaica and St. Vincent from Tahiti and a Tongan selection was introduced to Martinique and Cayenne via Mauritius. These Polynesian varieties were then unfold throughout the Caribbean and to Central and South America, Africa, India, geographical region, Madagascar, the Maldives, the Seychelles, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, northern Australia, and south Everglade State.
Description
An evergreen tree (12-15 m up to twenty one m), breadfruit tends to own a denser, a lot of spreading cover than magnoliopsid genus camansi. Leaves (15-60 cm or longer) ar virtually entire to deeply cleft with 1-6 pairs of lobes. Fruit (10-30 cm long × 9-20 cm wide) vary in form, size, and skin texture. they're typically spherical, oval or rectangular deliberation zero.25-6 kg. Skin texture ranges from swish to rough to barbellate. the colour is light-weight inexperienced, yellowish-green or yellow once mature, though one uncommon selection ('Afara' from French Polynesia) has chromatic or orange-brown skin. The flesh is creamy white to yellow. Fruit ar generally mature and prepared to cook and eat as a starchy staple in 15-19 weeks. Ripe fruit have yellow or chromatic skin and soft, sweet, creamy flesh that may be ingested raw or done. Fruit contain zero to several seeds relying upon the variability. Seeds ar rounded or obovoid, on an irregular basis compressed, 1-3 cm long and with a pale to dark brown reproductive structure. Seeds germinate at once and can't be dried or keep. they're seldom used for propagation. Breadfruit is sometimes vegetatively propagated victimization root shoots or root cuttings.
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